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Page 15 Macbeath

 From:- The Orkneys in Early Celtic Times, Two Lectures, by James M. Macbeath, published by William Peace and Son, in 1892. Page 15 It should be born in mind that in the burials of the second stone age - the neolithic or Surface stone age - the body was either placed in a contracted position, or in a sitting posture, or burnt, but very rarely extended to its full length: sometimes the knees were drawn up to the breast, and rare instances would seem to suggest that the bones had been broken, when the body could not otherwise be disposed of within the straitened dimensions which custom had prescribed for these primitive tombs. The people of that age were probably warriors of the type prevailing for centuries, whose creed was that to die in bed was to die dishonored: thus was the warrior placed in his grave in a position enabling him readily to sprung up when the sound of the war-cry should summon him to join his comrades and renew the strife. More about the migration of neolithic ...
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Cuween Hill Chambered Cairn

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  Cuween Hill Chambered Cairn   Tomb of the dogs    (Photo:- orkneyology.com) Cuween Hill Chambered Cairn is a relatively accessible Cairn on mainland Orkney.  It is accessible from the back  road that runs from Finstown to Kirkwall. The climbing walk takes you through an area where several small occupation structures have been excavated, Stonehall Knoll, Meadow and Farm, and just short of the top of the hill is the mound of the Cairn. The view from here is of Wideford Hill and the Stronsay/Westray Firths with Shapinsay and other northern islands off in the distance. It is quite sheltered from the persistent southwestern winds, and even now more trees seem to survive here than there are in more exposed parts of the archipelago.  The Cairn was excavated by M. M. Charleson in 1902, and the report that he wrote was published in the Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries as:- Notice of a Chambered Cairn in the Parish of Firth, Orkney. By M. M. Charleson...
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Page 9 Macbeath

  From:- The Orkneys in Early Celtic Times, Two Lectures, by James M. Macbeath, published by William Peace and Son, in 1892. Page 9 "When our celtic ancestors came first to these islands, and for centuries thereafter , there is reason to believe that the lower lying grounds were thickly covered with wood , in which mountain ash, birch, pine , and Hazel largely predominated and other species have been found embedded in peat mosses with the bark still fresh and entire. These would form a covert for the wild boar, red deer, reindeer, and other animals then native to the group, as well as fuel and shelter to the early settlers, who were little if at all removed from the condition of homeless roaming savages, living chiefly by their success in the chase and fishing; making rude and primitive garments and tools of the spoils of these, and having the roughest and rudest weapons made from wood, bone, and stone, with apparently very little, if any kind of knowledge of the working in meta...
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Page 5, MacBeath

From:- The Orkneys in Early Celtic Times, Two Lectures, by James M. Macbeath, published by William Peace and Son, in 1892. Page 5 The traveller who first made known to the inhabitants of Europe generally the existence of the British Isles was the eminent mathematician Pythaeus, the contemporary of aristotle and Alexander the great.  Pythaeus of Marseilles landed on the shores of Britain, probably Kent, in the early summer of the year 330BC. He traversed considerable portions of the country and found that while inland consisted chiefly of forest and marsh , with pasture here and there for sheep and cattle in the open spaces through the woods, the natives, who were numerous, grew wheat only in narrow strips along the seaboard opposite Gaul, which they "thrashed in barns, as owing to the little sunshine and much rain it could not be done in open fields."  When travelling northward however he found that corn could not be grown owing to the naturally backward condition of the co...
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The Vole at Skara Brae

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The Vole at Skara Brae   There follows edited extracts from a research document about the bones of rodents that were found at Skara Brae.  It details the volumes of vole and mice bones found in midden materials,  both inside and outside the monument, drawing conclusions about the possible utilisation of the vole as a food item. The report is :- Rodents: food or pests in Neolithic Orkney, by  Andrzej A. Romaniuk, Alexandra N. Shepherd, David V. Clarke,  Alison J. Sheridan,  Sheena Fraser, László Bartosiewicz, and Jeremy S. Herman. The Orkney archipelago, situated to the north of the British mainland, is renowned for its outstanding collection of Neolithic sites, a core group of which have been recognized with World Heritage status. Among the wealth of material recovered from the Orcadian Neolithic sites are copious rodent remains from two settlements, one the celebrated site of Skara Brae, and the other Links of Noltland, Westray.  These remains are fro...
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Relative sea-level

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  Orkney Riddle  Relative Sea Level Relative sea-level describes the change in sea level relative to the shorelines of the world's continents. Many countries with a shoreline have undertaken offshore surveys to establish a graph that relates present sealevel to those at prehistoric dates in the last 10,000 to 20,000 years. For Britain this work was carried out by a team headed by Ian Shennan. The results for their work are published as:- Relative sea-level changes and crustal movements in Britain and Ireland since the Last Glacial Maximum by Ian Shennan, Sarah L. Bradley, and Robin Edwards They introduce their results as follows:- The new sea-level database for Britain and Ireland contains >2100 data points from 86 regions and records relative sea-level (RSL) changes over the last 20 ka and across elevations ranging from ~þ40 to -55 m. It reveals radically different patterns of RSL as we move from regions near the centre of the Celtic ice sheet at the last glacial maximum t...
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Ice Age Story

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Orkney Riddle  Ice Age Story This is a story of Britain, and north-west Europe, as it passed through several periods of extreme cold, Ice Ages, the formative events that created the landscape we live with. It is not authoritative, and may be taken with a pinch of salt, but I hope that those who have learned, as I have, the geological history of Britain, will withhold any kneejerk response that may lurk unbidden in their bosoms. The general territory that the story covers is very roughly the Atlantic coast of Europe, but includes the Alpine mountains of southern France, and the northern mass of Scandinavia.  Specific areas that are covered are Britain, Norway, and the North Sea. These constitute an area that academia deems to have been covered by thick ice sheets, the British and Irish Ice-Sheet and the Scandinavian Ice-Sheet. These ice sheets are thought by some to have been joined across the North Sea for part of the last ice age. The theory that is proposed, studied, taught ...
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